The primary function of a Papanicolaou test, commonly known as a Pap test, is to screen for precancerous and cancerous cells on the cervix. This screening procedure involves collecting cells from the cervix and examining them under a microscope to identify any abnormalities. For example, cellular changes indicative of cervical dysplasia, which can potentially lead to cervical cancer, are readily detectable through this method.
The regular screening of cervical cells offers significant advantages in preventing cervical cancer. Early detection of abnormal cells allows for timely intervention and treatment, greatly improving patient outcomes. Historically, the widespread adoption of cervical cytology has dramatically reduced the incidence and mortality rates associated with cervical cancer.