The reliability of an HIV test result obtained five weeks post-potential exposure is a common concern. While modern HIV tests are highly sensitive, the body requires time to produce detectable antibodies or viral load after infection. The period between infection and the development of detectable markers is known as the window period.
Understanding the window period is critical in interpreting test results. Early generation antibody tests had longer window periods. Current fourth-generation tests, which detect both antibodies and the p24 antigen (a viral protein), have significantly reduced this window. Earlier detection allows for quicker initiation of treatment, improving health outcomes and reducing the risk of transmission.
