This assay is a laboratory procedure used to assess the function of phospholipids in blood coagulation. It’s designed to identify lupus anticoagulants, which are antibodies that interfere with the normal blood clotting process. The test relies on the ability of Russell’s viper venom to activate the coagulation cascade, and the phospholipid component is crucial for this activation. Dilution is employed to enhance the sensitivity of the assay in detecting the presence of these interfering antibodies. For example, prolonged clotting times in the diluted venom assay, that correct with the addition of excess phospholipid, suggest the presence of lupus anticoagulants.
The diagnostic importance of the assay lies in its contribution to the identification of antiphospholipid syndrome, an autoimmune disorder characterized by thrombosis (blood clots) and/or pregnancy complications in the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies. Accurate identification of these antibodies, including lupus anticoagulants, is vital for proper patient management and prevention of recurrent thrombotic events. Historically, this assay has been refined over time to improve its sensitivity and specificity, becoming a cornerstone in the diagnosis of antiphospholipid-related disorders. Its benefits include its relatively straightforward methodology and its ability to detect lupus anticoagulants even when other coagulation tests are normal.
