This process involves subjecting financial institutions or portfolios to hypothetical adverse scenarios. These simulations are designed to evaluate the potential impact of extreme, yet plausible, events on solvency and stability. For example, a bank might simulate the effects of a severe recession, a sudden surge in interest rates, or a significant decline in asset values to gauge its resilience.
The practice offers several key benefits, including improved understanding of vulnerabilities, enhanced risk mitigation strategies, and strengthened regulatory compliance. Historically, its adoption has grown following major financial crises, reflecting a recognition of the need for proactive assessment of potential systemic risks. It allows institutions to identify weaknesses in their capital adequacy and risk management practices before a crisis occurs, contributing to greater financial stability.