Phosphatidylethanol (PEth) is a group of abnormal phospholipids formed almost exclusively when ethanol is present in the body. A PEth test is a blood test used to detect the presence of these phospholipids, indicating alcohol consumption. The sensitivity of this test in identifying infrequent or moderate alcohol intake is a critical factor for various applications, including monitoring abstinence in treatment programs, legal proceedings, and workplace testing. Detection windows can vary, with PEth generally detectable for up to 2-3 weeks after the last instance of alcohol consumption.
The capacity to identify instances of light or intermittent alcohol use carries significant implications for those who require accurate and reliable confirmation of abstinence or controlled drinking. This contrasts with other alcohol biomarkers, such as Ethyl glucuronide (EtG) in urine, which may have shorter detection windows. Historically, relying solely on self-reporting or less sensitive tests led to challenges in verifying adherence to sobriety requirements. The advent of PEth testing provides a more objective and extended view into an individual’s alcohol consumption patterns.