A home pregnancy test typically features two lines: a control line and a test line. The control line confirms the test is working correctly. Its absence indicates an invalid result, meaning the test may have malfunctioned or been improperly administered. This absence prevents a definitive determination of pregnancy status, regardless of whether a faint or dark test line is visible (or not visible). In essence, the test result is considered unreliable and should not be used to conclude pregnancy.
The presence of the control line is fundamental to the reliability of home pregnancy tests. It acts as a procedural control, ensuring that sufficient reagent has been applied to the testing strip and that the test has functioned correctly. Without this confirmation, any indication of a positive or negative result cannot be trusted. Historically, improvements in manufacturing and quality control have focused on ensuring the consistent and reliable appearance of the control line, minimizing the chances of false negatives or confusing results stemming from a faulty test.